Television receivers



2 Sheets-Sheet l .N te.

L. A. FREEDMAN ETAL TELEVISION RECEIVERS Aug. 23,1960

Filed July 2l, 1958 .SuSE UU m Qu NM.

y INVENTORS LARRY A. Ham-:mm 6 RDLAHD N. RHnnEs .ay a

Aug- 23, 1950 l.. A. FREEDMAN ET AL 2,950,346

TELEVISION RECEIVERS Filed July 2l, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 VDEO 35 Am. 43

ra vnr/:AL 5 anziana/y cuan/7' INVENTORS LARRY A. FREEDMAM lnited States Patent @hice Patented Aug. 23, 1960 TELEVISION RECEIVERS Larry A. Freedman, New Brunswick, NJ., and Roland N. Rhodes, Levittown, Pa., assignors to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Filed July v21, 1958, Ser. No. 749,938

11 Claims. (Cl. 178-7.5)

This invention relates to television receivers and in particular to vertical retrace blanking circuits for use in television receivers employing transistors.

If the dellection beam of a television receiver kinescope is not suppressed during its vertical return or retrace movement, vertical retrace lines will appear on the screen of the kinescope. These lines are not desirable. 1n order to prevent, to a certain extent, the appearance of vertical retrace lines, the transmitted carrier wave signal contains vertical blanking information. The vertical blanking information is often not suicient to completely suppress the vertical retrace lines. In a commercial television receiver using electron tube, large amplitude pulses are derived from the vertical deflection output transformer during the vertical retrace interval. These large amplitude pulses are usually applied to a beam intensity control electrode of the receiver kinescope to suppress the appearance of the vertical retrace lines on the face of the kinescope during the vertical retrace interval. In transistor television receivers it has been found possible to eliminate the usual deflection output transformer and to drive the kinescope vertical deliection yoke directly from the vertical deflection output transistor. Because the vertical output transformer is eliminated, however, the large amplitude pulses needed for vertical retrace blanking of the kinescope are not available.

It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an improved circuit Afor obtaining vertical retrace blanking of the kinescope of a transistor television receiver.

It is another object of the present invention to provide improved circuit means, in a transistor television receiver of the type employing a transformerless vertical deection circuit, for obtaining vertical retrace blanking of the receiver kinescope.

Vertical retrace blanking in a television receiver is provided, in accordance with the invention, by deriving a relatively low magnitude signal from the vertical deflection circuit of the receiver during the retrace interval of the vertical deflection cycle. This signal is properly shaped and applied, together with the carrier Wave signal, to a transistor video detector such that the transistor detector is rendered more conductive during the vertical retrace interval. The detected video output signal from the detector thus goes blacker than black and provides blanking of the beam of the kinescope during vertical retrace. Thus, blanking is provided in a transistor television receiver by means of the existing circuits of the receiver.

The novel features that are considered characteristic of this invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and method of operation, as well as additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a schematic circuit diagram, partially in block diagram form, of a transistor television receiver embodying the present invention;

Figure 2 are graphs illustrating the waveforms for certain portions of the receiver of Figure l;

Figure 3 is a schematic circuit diagram, partially in block diagram form, of a transistor video detector and video amplifier circuit suitable for use in the receiver of Figure l and embodying the invention; and

Figure 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a transistor` vertical deection output circuit, transistor video detector, and transistor video amplifier suitable for use in the receiver of Figure 1 and embodying the invention.

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like parts are indicated by like reference numerals in all figures, and referring in particular to Figure 1, a television receiver includes an antenna 8 which receives composite television signals and which is coupled to apply the received signals to a tuner 10. The tuner 1t] would normally include, as is conventional, a radio frequency amplifier and a frequency converter for converting the radio frequency signals to intermediate frequency signals. The intermediate frequency signals derived from the tuner 10 are amplied by an intermediate frequency amplifier 12 and applied through a transformer 14 to a video detector stage 18, which includes a transistor 19 which is operative to recover the composite television signals from the intermediate frequency signals. The transistor detector 19 may be considered to be of the P-N-P junction type and includes emitter 20, collector 21, and base 22 electrodes. Sound intermediate frequency signals (produced by the beat between the picture carrier and the modulated sound carrier) are derived from the second detector 18 and applied through a transformer 24 to the intermediate frequency amplifier and sound detector stage 28 Where they are amplified and detected to provide an audio frequency signal. The audio frequency signal is amplified by the audio output amplifier 30 and applied to a loudspeaker 32 for sound reproduction.

The composite television signals derived from the second detector 18 are applied through a coupling capacitor 34 and a variable resistor or potentiometer 36 to a video amplifier 38, which amplies the composite signals and applies them to the control grid 40 of a kinescope 42 for picture reproduction. It will be assumed that the video amplifier 38 provides signal phase reversal between its input and output circuits. The composite television signals are also applied to a sync separator circuit 44 which supplies vertical synchronizing pulses to a vertical deection signal generator 46. The vertical deflection signal generator 46 is connected to a vertical deection output circuit 48 which includes a pair of output terminals 50 connected conventionally to the terminals of the kinescope vertical deflection yoke winding (not shown).

Horizontal synchronizing pulses derived from the sync separator circuit 44 are applied to a phase detector 52. The phase of the horizontal synchronizing pulses is compared by the phase detector 52 with the phase of a sawtooth Wave, which may be derived from the horizontal deection output circuit 56 and applied to the phase detector through the lead 53. The error voltage developedV in the phase detector 52 as a result of such phase cornparison is applied to a horizontal oscillator 54 to synchronize its output with the received synchronizing pulses. The horizontal oscillator 54 is operative to generate a train of pulses having the repetition rate of the received horizontal synchronizing pulses. The horizontal oscillator 54 is connected to the horizontal deection output stage 56, the output terminals 58 of which are connected conventionally to the horizontal deection yoke windings (not shown) of the kinescope 42. As thus far described, the receiver is conventional.

Referring now specifically to the video detector trau-V receiver.'

sistor 19V and its associated circuitry, the picture andY sound IF carrier signals are applied from the IF amplier 12 to the primary Winding 15 of the signal input trans Yformer 14 for the detector circuit. The secondary wind-` ing 16 serves to develop the intermediate frequency signal thereacross from which it is appliedV directly to ther base velectrode 22 of the detector transistor 19. VThe emitterV electrode 2t? of the'` detector transistor `179 is connected Ydircctlyto ground or a point of reference potential forthe receiver, and theY collector electrode `21 is connected through Vthegprinrary winding 25 ofthe transformer 24 and a load'rcsistor 6i) toa negative directV current supply source (not shown).- A capacitor 27 is Vconnected in parallelV with theV primary Winding 2S and the combinationY is tunedV toV thevintercrarriersllnd'signal of 4.5 Vmegacycles. The picturei:` carrier signalY is de-V tected'in the base-to-emitter eircuitscf the transistor 19 to provide a video output signal which includes the d.,- tlection synchronizing information. Since the detector circuitV is the base-toemitter circuit of the transistor 1%, theedetected signals are also amplified and developed s across the loadresistor 68, from which they are applied through the coupling capacitor 34 to a variable tap 37 on the potentiometer '36. The potentiometer' serves'as a Ycontrast. control for,v the receiver, since therposition of the tap 37 on the potentiometer 36 determines the ampli- Y Ytude of the signal applied to the video amplier 38 and hence the amplitude of the output signal of the video amplifier. Y-

The transistor detector-19` also is operative to develop anV automatic gainrcontrolV (AGC) signal.V This signal, the amplitude'of Vv vhich varies in accordance with variations in the amplitude of the intermediate frequency signalfis derived from the collector of the transistor des tector 19. The AGC signal lis applied through a resistor Y62 totheV IF amplifier 12 and controls itsk gain.V as an inverse function of the strength of the received signal, and thus'they 1F signal, to provide the desired gain control of the receiver. Y

The base; 22 of the transistordetector 'is connected through Ythe secondary winding 16 of the detector input Y vision signal.

characteristic such that the yoke voltage 80 is shaped into negative pulses 82 havinga repetition rate corresponding to the field frequency of the receiver. The amplitude of the pulses 82 as applied to the base 22 of the transistor detector 19 is determined by the resistor 78 in combination'With the temperature Vresponsive circuit including the diode 66. 1 Ina typical example, the amplitude of the pulses at the base 22 of the transistor detector V19 may Y s, at thecollector 21 of the transistor video detector Y19 is indicated at 85. As the transistor 19 becomes more conductive due to the application'of the pulses 582 andthe .IF signalto the base 22, the videoso'utputsignal `atthe collector becomes more Vpositive vand is blacker than black as indicatedV by the Waveform shown in Figure 2(0). The video output 'signal from Vthe-detector is applied to the video amplifier 38. Since the video amplier 38 ex-Y hibits a phase reversal 4between Vitsfinrputfand Voutput circuits, the video output signalapplied to the'grid 40 of Y thekinescope 42 becomes more negative during the retrace interval. Thisy produces vertical iblanling of the receiver'kinescope 42 and prevents the appearanceof vertical retrace lineson the faceV of theV kinescope4j2.. u u i VIt is to be noted that, in a portable television receiver, the available voltage at the verticalyoke is norrnallyin the order of the supply voltage,swhich typicallymaybe 12 Y volts. This voltage wouldv normally be of *insufficientV magnitude to provide vertical blanking of the lz'inesccpe.`

By adding this'voltage to the relativelylowlevel carrier Wave signal which is appli/ed toV thevideodetector, Yhowtransformer 14, a Vresistor 64 and a semi-conductor diode' Y 66 to ground. VYTheV base 22 is also connected through the secondaryswinding 16 and a resistor 68 toa negativeV The resistorV direct, current supply source (not shown). 68 is lay-passed foriinterrnediate frequency signalsby a capacitor 70. `The network comprising the resistors 6.4

. and.68 and the'dio'de 66 Vprovides a temperature respon-j sive bias voltage for the baseemitter circuit of the transistor detector 19, thus Vstabilizingsthe Voperating point of this transistor with variations in ambientrtemperature.

f To provideV vertical retraceV blankingV of the receiver,

' in accordance, withrthe invention, the verticalideectionVV Y output circuit 48 ,is connected through a filter or'shaping network 772, a resistor 78, andV the primary WindingV 16 Y, of the Vtransformer 'I4-to the base 22 of the transistor detector 19. By thisV connection,itheV vertical yoke voltageV is; derived from the verticali deflection output circuit and` shaped by the network 72 to provide pulses at `the field frequency of the receiver which are applied Vto the base 22 ofthe transistorY detector 19. `*These pulses, thus,fare combined with Ythe video signal impressed upon the de-Y tector 19 andV provide vertical retrace blanking of the In explaining the operation ofthe receiver, reference ever, the video output signal therefrom is made blacker Vthan black andY provides the desired vertical retrace blanking. This result is accomplished'without the need for additional circuitry aside from the shaping network 7,2. Moreover the application of the negative'pulses to the transistor video detector 19 does not adversely affect the V,intercarrier sound signal at the outputthereof. Testing of Vthe Vimpulse noise performance of atransistor rcceiv'er"cmbodying the invention has indicatedno degradationdue to the presence of the blanlcirig` circuit.. i

In Figure 3, reference towhich'is 4now made, video detector circuit is illustrated which is substantially similar4 to the circuit ofFigure l. except .that thevideo dctecto'rstage 18 employs a transistorss. of Ptype coilductivity. The transistor 8 6 may be` considered Ato be a Vjunction ytransistor Yofthe VNAP-'N type; and includes an emitter 7557,Y a collector' 88, and a base 89i {Thefcircuit Vconnections .forY Vthe transistorrdetector Vare I the same as l the transistor detector of Figure-1, except that the po@ larity of the biasing yoltages`is reversed and the tcmperature compensating semi-conductordiodef is paled willsbe jointly made tothe receiver ofFigure l and the i waveforms of Figure 2; The verticalyoke voltage Vis shown Vgraphicallyby thewavefform'tl of Figure 2 and'is ofi'generally saWtooth Waveform.,V This voltage is def rived from vthe vertical deliectionoutput circuit andY appliedrto the iilterior shaping Ynetwork 72.V The networkV 72V includes `a Yseries capacitor-73` andresistor---I4a'nd`V the parallel combination of a resistor 75- and capacitor 76, which is connected from the junction of the'resistors in the circuit infa'n Opposite direction.'` 'I'he'various wavelforms of the circuit of Figure 3 will also berevcrsed in polarity from the corresponding' waveforms 'of Figure'l.

Accordingly, the transistor detector 86l will `become more conductive upon application of positive pulses toitsbase electrode V89.7. The video output signal fromAY the trau`V sister detector-f 86 become yblaclerthaln black as'it` becomes increasingly negative in responsejto the posi? tive pulses from thesverticaldeectiou circuit. Since,

" Vhwever, the 'black level at the output ofthe detector is in the negative direction, the video amplifier 38 (which provides phase reversal between its input and output circuits) is connected WithftheV cathode 43 of the kinescope 42 rather than with the grid to provide the-desiredsvertical retrace blanking. i

.Y |andw78` to ground. 'ljhis'netvvorlc has a frequency 75 InFiguIe 4, reference to is. nowVV made, the; ver? tical deection output circuit 48 comprises Va pair of transistors 90 and 91 of opposite conductivity types which are connected for class B push-pull operation. The output transistor 90 is of the P-N-P junction type and includes an emitter 92, a collector 93, and a base 94. The output transistor 91 is of the N-P-N junction type and includes an emitter 95, `a collector 96, and a base 97. Deection signals are applied to the output transistors through a pair of input terminals 9S, one of which is grounded and the other of which is connected directly with the base 97 of the transistor 91 and through a semi-conductor junction diode 100 to the base 94 of the other transistor 90. 'Ihe semi-conductor diode 100 provides a temperature sensitive threshold bias for the output transistors 90 and 91. The transistors 90 and 91 are connected in series for direct current. To this end, the collector 96 of the N-P-N transistor 91 is connected directly to ground, while the output or emitter electrodes 9S and 92 of the transistors are connected directly together. The collector 93 of the P-N-P transistor 90 is connected to the negative supply terminal. The base 94 of the output transistor 90 is connected through three resistors 102, 104, and 106 to the negative supply terminal. The resistor 104 is Variable and provides a means for controlling Vertical size. A capacitor 108 is connected from the emitters of the output transistors to the junction of the resistors 104 and 106 and provides signal feedback from the output circuit to the low impedance input biasing network, thus providing a high dynamic input impedance and efficient signal transfer. The emitters 92 and 95 of the output transistors are capacitively coupled through an output coupling capacitor 110 to the vertical yoke coil or windings 112, which are returned to ground. Y

The yoke voltage at the junction of the capacitor 110 and the yoke coil 112 is the same as the one shown by the waveform 80 illustrated in Figure 2(a). This voltage is applied through the shaping network 72, the resistor 78, and the secondary winding 16 of the input coupling transformer 14 to the base 22 of the transistor detector 19. The circuit connections for the transistor detector 19 are identical to `the circuit connections in Fic,- ure 1.

The collector 21 of the transistor detector 19 is connected through the primary winding 25 of the intercarrier sound take olf transformer 24 and the coupling capacitor 34 to the variable tap 37 of the volume control resistor 36. The high signal voltage terminal of the volume control resistor 36 is connected directly with the base 117 of a video amplifier transistor 114 while the other terminal is connected through a resistor 11S to ground. The video amplifier transistor 114 may be considered to be a P-N-P junction transistor and includes, in addition to the base 117, an emitter 115 and a collector 116. The emitter electrode 115 of the video amplifier transistor 114 is connected to ground through a degenerative stabilizing resistor 119. The stabilizing resistor 119 is by-passed for video signals by a by-pass capacitor 120. The collector electrode 116 or" the transistor 114 is supplied with a negative operating potential from a terminal 121, which is connected to the collector 116 through a synchronizing signal resistor 122, a choke coil 124, and a second resistor 126. The synchronizing component-s of the Video signals are developed across the resistor 122 and applied to the sync separator circuit of the receiver through a lead 123. Arnplied video signals available at the collector electrode 116 are applied through a peaking coil or inductor 12S and a coupling capacitor 130 to the control grid 40 of the kinescope 42.

To provide the desired amplitude and phase response of the transistor video amplifier 114 a feedback network is provided between the output circuit and input circuit thereof. This feedback network comprises rst and second feedback resistors 132 and 134 which are connected in l series between the base electrode 117 and the terminai of the peaking coil 128 remote from the collector 116. A phase shifting capacitor 136 is connected from the junction of the resistors 132 and 134 to ground for the receiver. The feedback network is operative to apply a signal from the load or output circuit to the input of the transistor video amplifier to provide a at frequency response characteristic for the transistor 114. The video ampliiier illustrated is of the type disclosed and claimed in a copending application for Thomas O. Stanley and Roland N. Rhodes iiled on March 27, 1958, Serial No. 724,450, entitled Video Amplier.

The circuit of Figure 4 operates in a manner similar to the one shown in Figure 1 to provide vertical blanking by increasing conduction of the transistor detector 19 during the vertical retrace interval. To provide a video output signal from the video ampliiier transistor 114 which is blacker than black, the video signal from the detector is applied between the base and emitter electrodes of the video amplifier transistor 114. There is a phase reversal between the base and collector electrodes of the video amplier transistor 114, so that when the signal from the detector goes blacker than black the output signal which is applied to the grid 40 of the kinescope 42 becomes less positive to provide the required vertical re` trace blanking.

A circuit of the type illustrated in Figure 4 has been built and successfully operated using the following values for the various circuit components:

Transistors 19 and 114.. Type 2N384 and TA1629,

respectively.

Diode 66 Type TA134.

Resistors 36, 118, and 119-- 5,000; 680; and 470 ohms,

respectively.

Resistors 132 and 134 39,000 and 47,000 ohms,

respectively,

Capacitor 136 3.3 micromicrofarads.

Resistors 122 and 126 1,000 and 12,000 ohms, re-

spectively.

Inductors 128 and 1241.....m 200 and 1,300 microhenries, respectively.

Capacitor 130 0.1 microfarads.

Resistor 60 47,000 ohms.

Resistor 64 and 68 56 and 8,100 ohms, respectively.

Capacitor 70 0.1microfarads.

Resistors 74, 75, and 78-..- 3,300; 1,200; and 3,300

, ohms, respectively.

Capacitors 73 and 76 0.25 microfarads each.

Vertical yoke 112 4.2 rnillihenries and 4.5

ohms.

Voltage at terminal 61 100 volts (negative).

Voltage at terminal 69 12 volts (negative).

Voltage at terminal 130 volts (negative).

By applying a voltage derived from the vertical yoke, along with the carrier wave signal, to the input of the transistor video detector of a television receiver, the transistor detector is rendered more conductive during the retrace interval. Thus, vertical blanking is provided using relatively loW amplitude pulses Without the need for separate blanking circuits. The invention is, therefore, particularly adaptable for use in transistor television receivers in which the vertical deflection circuits are transformerless.

What is claimed is:

1. In a television receiver, the combination with a kinescope and a vertical deflection circuit therefor, of a transistor video detector, means for applying a carrier wave signal to said transistor detector, means for deriving a voltage from said vertical deection circuit and for applying said voltage to said transistor detector to cause increased conduction thereof during the retrace interval of the vertical deiiection cycle, means for deriving an h output signal from said transistor detector, and means kinescope is provided.

Yfor'applying said output signal to said kinescope to provide vertical blanking thereof during said retrace interval. Y ZQInja television receivenrthe combination with a escope'V verticalV deilectincircuitiproviding a voltag'eaof Ypredetermined frequency, lof a transistor video detector connected for common emitter operation in said receiver. for detecting a compsitextelevision signalY toV provide a i video output signal for application toV said kinescope, and

Ymeans for applying 'said voltage tofsaid transistorv video Y detector to providetincrease'd 'conduction thereof'rdurin'g the retrace portion Y'of the' vertical deection cycle 'oi said receiver and a video output signal of a polarity and'magi nitude to Vprovide verticali retrace blanking ofsaid kin- Yescope. i i' Y 1 3. In a television receiver, the combination with a lzinf escope Vand 'a verticaldeil'ection Vcircuit therefor, of a transistor video detectorincluding base, emitter, and col-4Y lector 'electrodes and connected 'for common emitter operation, Vmeans for applying'a carrier wave Asignal to the base electrode of said transistor detectorrmeans for Yderiving a voltage from/said vertical deection circuit render the video Youtput signal-therefrom blacker than lack, means for' deriving said video voutputsignal from` said collector electrode'and nieansinclpdinga video amplifier circuit for lapplyingrsaid video signal Ito, said lginescopeto provide verticalY blanling thereof duringY said Y retrace interval.

7.51m atelevision'lreeeiver, the Vcombination with aV kinescope having a vertical Vdeilection winding, of'arvertical deflection circuit for applying a deflection signal of predeterminedv frequencyla'nd having atrace portioniand a retrace portion to said Vertical deflection Winding, a tran-Y sistor video detector, meansV for applying a composite televisionrsignal to said transistor detector,means YVfor deriving aV signal of said predeteri'ninedV frequency'from n said Vvertical deection Winding. and for applying said sigand for applying said voltage to the base electrode VVof Vsaid e transistor detector to Vcause increased collector current conduction thereof duu'ng the retrace interval ofi,Y the ver-YV tical deflecftio'n cycle, means for deriving a deteted vvideo i outputV signal from the collector electrodev of said transistor detector, and means for applying said video output signal to said kinescope to provide vertical blanking thereofV during said retrace interval.

' 4. In a television receiver, the combination with akini Yescope and a vertical deection circuit therefor providing VVVa deilection voltage VofV predetermined frequency, of a Yvideo detector transistor having base, emitter, and coll' lector electrodes and connected Vforcommon emitter operation, means forapplying a composite television signal Yto said base electrode to provide a video outputsignal at said collector electrode, means including a video amplifier for applying said video signal to saidV kinescepeand Y means for ,applying pulses corresponding to said deflection "Voltage to .the base.electrodeA of said detector transistorV toprovide increased collector current conduction thereof v during the vertical retrace interval Vofthe vertical deflecnal to said transistor detector to cause increased conduction thereof and provide a video output signal which is blacker than black during the retrace interval of the Aver-V tical deflection cycle, and means for applying said video output signal torsaid -kinescope to provide vertical blanl'- ingthereof during said retrace interval. Y

8. Arvertical blankingrcircuit `for a television' receiving system having an image reproducing `devicecomprising, in combination, ia transistor video detector connected to detect composite television signals to provide a video out- Y put signal, means'including said composite Ytelevision signals and a separate source of signals coupled with said transistor detector for` rendering the 'video output signal from' said detector blacker than black during Vthe retrace interval of the vertical deflectioirc'ycleV of said receiver, and' means for applying the video output signal from-,said transistor detector to said kinescope 1to1 provide kvertical e blanking thereof during Vsaicliretrac'e interval.

' tion cycle of said receiver and an increase in the ampli-y tude of said video output signalto ablacker than black video level, Wherebyrvertical V5.V InY a television receivenrthe combination with akin-Y escope and a video detector, of means providing increased conduction ofV said video detector during the verticalretrace interval of the'vertic-al deflection cycle of said receiverzto provide a blacker than black video output signal,

' VYand means for applying said video signal to said kinescopeV to provide vertical blankingrthe'reof during said retrace interval. Y K -Y 6.Y inY aftelevision'receiver, the combination with atransistor vertical deflection output circuit, a vertical deflection winding, V'and a capacitor connecting said output cirretrace blanking of said,

cuit with Vsaidrdefiection Winding forapp-lyingV a deeci,

tion signal thereto of predetermined frequency, of a video detector transistor including baser, emitter, and collector electrodes andfconnected for fconirnon emitter operation, meansfor applying a Vcompositetelevision signal to said j *ibase electrode, means for derivingV a deection voltageV from the junction ofsaidcap'acitor and said vertical deilection Winding, means including a :filter vnetvvorlct'or 9L In V'a television receiver,4 the combination with a hinescope and a vertical deflection outputcircuit therefor, of a transistor video detector, means'forl applying a carrier Wave signal AtoV said transistor detector, meansforideriving ajvoltage from said vertical deilectionfoutput circuit and. forr a plying saidivoltage to ,saidV transistor detector to cause increased conduction thereofftoaY blackerA than black level during theretrace interval ofthe vertical de-L ection cycle,V means for'deriving a detected videooutput signal from saidrtransistor detector, ndiine'ans including a video amplier Vfor, applying said` detectedY video output signal to said kinescope to Vprovide verticalbl'anking thereof during said retrace interval. 1Q. In a television receiver, `the combination defined in Y claim 9 wherein said kinescope includesaV control grid L yand said video ampliiier applies said video loutput signal to said control grid. Y I .Y

l l1l. In a television receiver, the combination definedV in claim 9 wherein said kinescope includes' a cathode and said video amplier applies' said video output signal to said cathode. Y Y

Y Rxeferei'icesY Cited'infthe tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

